Medical specialists attribute the spike in MASLD cases among the youth to increasingly unhealthy lifestyles. “Processed foods, sugary drinks, fast food, and high-fructose snacks are staples of many young people’s diets today,” explained Dr. Asha Menon, a hepatologist based in Mumbai. Fructose, in particular, plays a key role in fat accumulation in the liver. Unlike glucose, it is metabolized solely in the liver, where excessive intake leads to the formation of triglycerides, causing hepatic steatosis.
In addition to poor diet, sedentary lifestyles are exacerbating the problem. With many young adults spending hours in front of screens at work or while gaming, physical activity levels have plummeted. This inactivity diminishes the liver’s ability to metabolize fats, contributing further to fat buildup. Even non-obese individuals are at risk if they lead a predominantly inactive lifestyle.
Obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction also emerge as significant contributors. Excess abdominal fat releases free fatty acids into the bloodstream, overwhelming liver capacity and sparking inflammation and fibrosis. “The link between obesity and fatty liver disease is undeniable,” noted Dr. Menon. “Insulin resistance amplifies the problem, promoting fat storage in the liver and raising the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.”
Genetics are another critical factor. Variants of the PNPLA3 gene have been identified as increasing the risk of MASLD, even among young individuals who do not exhibit typical risk factors. Additionally, hormonal imbalances, particularly related to thyroid dysfunction, and long-term use of certain medications such as steroids and antidepressants can worsen the condition.
Experts warn that untreated fatty liver disease doesn’t remain benign. Without early intervention, inflammation can progress into Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and potentially irreversible organ failure. Moreover, there is a significant link between MASLD and increased risks of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
Prevention and treatment, however, remain well within reach. Health authorities emphasize adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while cutting down on sugar-laden drinks and junk food. Regular exercise—combining aerobic activity and strength training—plays a pivotal role in improving liver function and burning excess fat. Stress management and proper sleep are also critical, alongside avoiding alcohol and smoking.
For diagnosed cases, lifestyle modification is the first line of treatment, often reversing the condition. Only in more severe situations are medications prescribed. Early detection, experts agree, is essential to reversing fatty liver disease and averting its dangerous complications.
